The Sumerians of Sumer were a culture from Southern Mesopotamia more than 5,000 years ago who came up with a form of writing called cuneiform. This is the type of writing that appears on the Sumerian clay tablets that were discovered from that culture. Originally, only a few of these examples of Sumerian clay tablets were available and had ended up in a British museum, but in 1877 the French unearthed a major Sumerian site and found thousands of clay tablets and fragments that made up the Sumerian clay tablets that contain all of this fascinating information and speculation on their fascinating culture with its very advanced state so long ago.

Some people believe that much of their culture was influenced by aliens called the Annunaki because their culture seemed to appear from almost nothingness into having many modern things such as the Sumerian clay tablets, which were the very first known form of actual writing. These ancient people whom we know little about did other interesting and unusual things too like:

• Spoke a language that belongs to no known other family language
• Had the first legal system
• Were credited with inventing the wheel
• Were accomplished astronomers with extensive star charts
• Invented number systems that are still used today with a base of 10
• Had schools, agriculture, industries, architecture like high rises, etc!

All before anyone else and all from nothingness, or so it seemed.

All this was discovered when the Sumerian clay tablets were painstakingly translated. These famous writings have many references to aliens and gods and seem to speak about a race of beings that were there helping them to accomplish these great things.

Could it be that they were aliens from somewhere in the universe who wanted to help along the Earth’s culture and influence it? This is what many people believe to be the case. The Sumerian clay tablets talk about how these peoples were also interested in gold and were worshiped as gods, all indicative of a very advanced culture during a time frame on Earth when mankind had little or nothing, then seemingly had it all with all the ways the Sumerian culture grew all of a sudden, could it be an influence of these “aliens?”

Some scholars also believe that many of the Bible’s stories originated in Sumer and could possibly be traced to these Annuknaki aliens, which could mean they have been influencing Earth a lot longer than just the time frame where the Sumerian clay tablets come from.

Whatever the case, this fascinating culture was very modern in a timeframe when that wasn’t the norm, something that will continue to be debated for years to come, as it already has been so far, ever since the Sumerian clay tablets were found.

Earth's exploration of our solar system was taking another giant leap in 1976 with the Viking 1 spacecraft taking the first detailed pictures of our planetary neighbor, Mars, from its own orbit. That leap stumbled upon a shocking potentiality when it took an image of the Cydonia mesa on July 25. While the image was at first ignored as a "trick of the light" by the chief scientist of the Viking program, Gerry Soffen, image 35A72 caught the imagination of a world. Along with nearby features that appeared to be groups of pyramids was a mountain that seemed not only very symmetrical in shape but had the shape, from orbit, of a human-like face!

It was first credited by mainstream scientists to be merely an example of pareidolia, the human mind's ability to see shapes and patters in random imagery, much like pictures in clouds. There are however, a number of factors that can refute this claim of randomness. Additional images of the "face" structure have been taken at different heights, resolutions, and light angles. Even though greater surface detail (the European Space Agency's Mars Express in 2003 to image resolutions as detailed as 46 feet per pixel) did diminish the clarity of a "face" somewhat. It did not diminish the abnormal symmetry of the overall structure. Even if the underlying formations are natural, they have had help in maintaining the integrity of the symmetry that presents a face-like appearance seen from above.

There is also the matter of the "city" just a bit away from the "face" mesa. Contained in this area are structures that have mountains sharply angled to form pyramid shapes. The images of this area were studied extensively by the computer engineers, Vincent DiPietro and Gregory Molenaar. Contacted with NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Maryland these men began an attempt to explain the features in a geological sense. Although their research showed anomalies that could not be naturally occurring and sought verification from other scientists, their work was largely ignored.

Former NASA consultant Richard Hoagland, the developer of the Pioneer 10 and 11 interstellar plaques, originally took the official stance that it was all an illusion but later study caused him to about-face and make claim for an artificial nature to the structures. He discovered more pyramidal forms in the "city" part of the area including the structure called "the Fort" for what appears to be a set of straight walls and an open enclosed area. He performed solstice alignment calculations based of the positioning of the pyramidal mounds and their spatial orientations to each other. His calculations of solar alignments have held up to independent critique.

The research scientist, Dr. Mark Carlotto, reexamined the Viking images in 1986-87 utilizing new "shape-from-shading protocols for image enhancement and disproved the "trick of light and shadow" hypothesis. Not only did the enhanced images show many additional symmetrical lines and alignment angles, but that there also appeared that, hidden within the "shadows" of the original image, were structures that looked like teeth in the mouth area.

The geomorphologist and cartographer, Erol Torun, who worked with the United States Defense Mapping Agency released a cartographic/geometric analysis of the D&M pyramid demonstrating that the mountain's angles were unlikely to be obtained in a natural mountain and that no known erosion processes could produce these angles either. Dr. Horace Crater of the University of Tennessee Space Institute also published a mathematical analysis of the numerous small mounds in the area around the "face" and the "city' in 1995. His mathematical calculations discounted the probability that the placement of these mounds/structures were randomly occurring.

The controversy over the origin and composition of the objects at Cydonia rages. While some consider it all light and shadows, others feel this is an extraterrestrial proof that other intelligences have shared our solar system and shaped its planets before us. Whether they are still around, living under the surface of the red planet, or passed into the obscurity of the past will require much more investigation. It should be noted that according to ancient Sumerian texts, Mars was a way station for the Annunaki on their travels between Earth and Nibiru. We know from archeology that the ancient Sumerian culture build vast megalithic structures, many of which still stand today. Could there be a direct link to these structures and pyramids of Mesopotamia and the ones that seem to also stand on Mars?

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Major photographic resource:
NASA's official page containing the images of the Cydonia Region of Mars
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/mgs_cydonia.html
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There is a party game where one person whispers a short story to another guest who then passes it on to the next. The last person to be told the story then relates it aloud and it is compared with what the first person originally said. Through retelling, it is impossible for the narrative to remain unchanged. In a similar fashion, attempts at understanding just who or what the biblical Nephilim were is impossible. One of the few things that remain a common thread is that they were half-breeds, the children of humans and "something else."

Our most ancient written documents come from the Sumerian culture. It is from this area the roots of modern Judeo/Christian religions also spring. According to Genesis, Chapter 6, verse 4: "The Nephilim were on the earth in those days, and also afterward, when the sons of God went to the daughters of men and had children by them. They were the heroes of old, men of renown." The maternity of the Nephilim is clear; they are half human. The paternity of these "men of renown" is not so well established. That the word "nephilim" has also been translated as "giant" or "titan" in some texts only further confuses the issue. One can add to that the word used, "Elohim," which is not the word for God but a plural form meaning "gods."

Many theologians claim that the "Sons of God" were angels, sent here originally to watch over the human creation. There is the problem, however, that "angels" are also considered to be sexless beings, neither male or female, which makes it dubious that they would be procreating with anyone. It is known from their name, the Grigori, that they were assigned as "watchers" and that they originally came down to Earth from out of the "heavens" or the "sky." Interestingly, the Sumerians named their live-in "gods," Annunaki, which also means "those to came down from the "heavens" or the "sky."

It was not the original aliens who colonized an as yet uninhabited planet who were interested in mating with the human creatures once they came into being. That practice was originated by a later generation of these beings that were actually born here on Earth. According to the Sumerian cuneiform tablets, the Annunaki mixed the genetics (seed) of an indigenous Earth creature (most likely homo erectus or neanderthalis) and themselves to design a somewhat intelligent worker class of beings to do the heavy toil for them. This was done because the Annunaki mine workers rebelled against Enlil, the Lord of Earth and Sky, and refused to do their assigned tasks. Sound like a familiar theme from another, more spiritually oriented, story?

That the Annunaki were reportedly able to procreate with the human population and produce viable offspring shows a very close genetic similarity between the two races. Is it possible they made us too similar, primarily tweaking the genes that gave them such longevity so that the humans would have only brief lives by comparison? It seems that the short life span was a dominant trait as these children of such matings did not have the near immortality of their alien lineage. The hero/king Gilgamesh spent a vast part of his life seeking a way to be granted the boon of a long life like his Annunaki mother, Ninsun, the great-granddaughter of Enlil himself.

That there have been giants on this Earth is not only a biblical reference. There have been many gigantic skeletons dug up over the years, even though the Smithsonian Institute, where they were so often sent to for safekeeping, seems to keep losing them. The ancient Hebrew texts and the newer Judeo/Christian books all speak of a pre-Adamic race upon the Earth. The Sumerian texts state that the Annunaki came down from their home planet of Nibiru hundreds of thousands of years ago. Since they genetically engineered homo sapiens sapiens long after they took up residence here indicates they were that pre-Adamic race. It explains somewhat, the old Hebraic stories that Adam had a "wife," Lilith, before Eve was created from his "rib."

Despite their semi-divine or semi-alien origins, depending on the way you want to interpret the tales, the life of the Nephilim was not generally any less uncomfortable than that of anyone of mixed ancestry. Never fully accepted by either their human contemporaries or their divine/alien kinsmen, theirs seemed to be a life of struggle to make a place for themselves. There is the biblical tale that Moses ran the last group out of Canaan. It is suggested that Goliath was a wandering remnant of this tragic group of half-breeds. Even within the retold and ever-changing tales, the semi-divine Hercules did not have an easy life or death.

The stories have gone around the campfire far too long to pin a definitive origin on the Nephilim. Whether they were the offspring of angels or aliens, theirs is an indelible part of our culture and literature, if not still a part of our ancestral lineage.

There have long been theories that conflict with the official academic explanation about the origin and construction of the pyramids at the Giza complex in Egypt. Many of these "alternate" theories have a good deal going for them. The more refined date testing becomes the further into the past their construction seems to have been. Their massive size and astonishing degree of structural integrity and cosmic alignments seem too precise to have been constructed by a simple agrarian culture. Now, even one of the academics has hinted there may truly be an alien connection.

During a conference on ancient Egyptian architecture held November 29, 2010, Dr. Ala Shaheen, head of the Archeology Department at Cairo University made the statement that "there might be truth to the theory that aliens helped the ancient Egyptians build the oldest of pyramids, the Pyramids of Giza". It is unlikely Dr. Shaheen was expecting the shock this statement stirred among his audience. As the questions about his comment poured forth, he became more vague in his replies and finally left with only the reply, "I can not confirm or deny this, but there is something inside the pyramid that is "not of this world".

There are several facts that lend themselves to the theory that the pyramids were not built by the Egyptians. Egyptian art tended to depict a full spectrum of their daily life, work, and rituals. Everything from agriculture to childcare to dealing with their enemies is represented and yet nowhere is there a single painting of the building of one of the most monumental structures to grace our planet. They buried their royalty in the Valley of the Kings, not in great stone buildings. Even that most commonplace of tomb paraphernalia, the painted pictures and text of the Book of the Dead, is blatantly absent inside the pyramids at Giza.

There are details of the actual structure that tend to make it unlikely a primitive culture could have accomplished this task alone. The alignment to the cardinal points is almost perfect, a feat even our modern engineers can have trouble obtaining. While a settle rate of six inches over a hundred years is normal and acceptable for large modern buildings, the 6,000 million ton weight of the Great Pyramid at Giza has settled less than an inch and a half over the last 5,000 years. Also compare the straightness of the sides. Modern office buildings are considered quite well constructed if the walls are within 6 inches of being squared, yet the Great Pyramid, forty-two stories tall and covering the area of over a dozen football fields, is squared to within a quarter of an inch of true.

Then we can go a bit East and study the accounts of the Annunaki as chronicled by the ancient Sumerian civilization, which pre-dated that of Egypt. Their writings tell us the Annunaki built this massive stone structure for use as a triangulation beacon to help guide their spaceships in from orbit to the spaceport in the Sinai. It was not until the end of the Second Pyramid War (approximately 8670 B.C.E.) when the structure was overtaken by Ninurta that it was decommissioned for this purpose. Translated from the epic poem Lugal-e: ".... Escorted by the Chief Mineralmaster, Ninurta inspected the array of "stones" and instruments. As he stopped by each one of them, he determined its destiny - to be smashed up and destroyed, to be taken away for display, or to be installed as instruments elsewhere."

Even in some of the monumental writings by the Pharaohs who are academically credited with their construction are references to the pyramids of Giza being ancient even in their time. It should not come as too great a surprise that any still undiscovered artifacts inside the pyramids at the Giza complex would be alien in origin. According to our most ancient historical texts these aliens constructed the entire structure for their own alien purpose in the colonization and exploitation of planet Earth.

Our clearest record of a long-term alien presence on our planet is contained in the thousands of cuneiform clay tablets written by the ancient Sumerians. These records tell not only of their alien-inspired culture but also contain information about the "gods" who created them and lived among them for thousands of years before moving off-planet to let the human species develop on their own. Zechariah Sitchin is not the only person who can translate these texts. There are a handful of other people who have also done so. It is in the interpretation that these men differ.

The academic mythologists read these matter-of-fact tablets and say the Annunaki were just ancient "fairy tales." Joseph Campbell considers them tales of Jungian archetypes while Julian Jaynes labeled them as schizophrenic hallucinations. Only Sitchin has interpreted them as a straightforward documentation of what these ancient people saw and knew and lived with on a daily basis.

These records of the "gods" were right alongside the daily inventory lists, marriage and deed records, and other daily life documents a civilized culture needs to keep up with itself. Then there are the tablets that contain accurate astronomical data on the movement and composition of our solar system that includes information about the outer planets that can only be seen with telescopic equipment. Increased research in archeology and other scientific disciplines is slowly disproving the mythology and giving clues as to the fact of the alien reality from our past.

Astronomically it is known now that the wobble and variations in the orbits of Pluto and Charon can only be caused by an as yet undiscovered outer planet. Recently another object, larger than Pluto, was discovered in the Kuiper Belt around the major planets' orbital area. Eris proves that there is still much to be discovered on the far edges of our solar system. Even further out is the debris field called the Oort Cloud of material. It is from this distant area most of the comets originate from. It is also speculated that a search for the Annunaki's homeworld should start here and most likely already has.

Since the finding of the IRAS, the Infrared Astronomical Satellite, from the mid 1980's found what could be considered a tenth planet, facts have been harder to find. It is known that the Naval Observatory was constructed at great cost in Antarctica. In 1992 Harrington and van Flandern of that Observatory published their opinions that what they were observing was indeed another planet and that it could well be an "intruder" planet from outside our own solar system. What makes this discovery so important is that Harrington had originally invited Sitchin to help him go through the ancient Sumerian information so he would know where he needed to look to locate this planet!

On a technological level the proof of an ancient advanced technology existing on our planet can be found through the growing catalog of ooparts (Out Of Place Artifacts in Relation to Time and Space) that have been unearthed. Everything from human footprints criss-crossing dinosaur tracks in Texas to the nearly 5,000 year old electrical batteries discovered in Iraq point to a presence on the planet that far precedes human existence. One can include the exacting stone architecture of ancient monuments that we cannot match even with our modern building techniques. And there is the 1889 discovery by Sir Flinders Petrie of the ancient gold processing plant at Mt. Horeb in Africa, which showed that monoatomic gold superconductors were known and created many thousands of years ago.

And there is the growing genetic evidence that points to the elusive "missing link" between proto-humans and Cro-Magnon homo sapiens as possibly existing only in the laboratories of the Annunaki. The Sumerian texts place the location of the genetic laboratories of Enki and Ninhursag in Africa, coincidentally in the same area and within the same time frame as our discovery of the origins of the mitochondrial DNA that runs through the entire human population.

This location, incidentally, is right near the ancient African gold mines of the Annunaki, adding to the proof of the tale that they originally created us as a slave/worker class to do the mining that had grown so wearisome to the Annunaki themselves. There is as well the evidence that evolution often takes millions of years to create major change in a species. Homo sapiens sapiens went from origin to our modern level of social and mental development in a mere quarter of a million years, much too quickly for natural selection and mutation to have worked.

It may be humbling to some and an outrage to others to think that we are not necessarily the greatest beings in the galaxy. It may be more comforting to some to have originated in some mythical "creation" than to have been the result of a genetic breeding program of an unknown alien race of beings. But a hard truth should always be better than a comfortable lie and as evidence piles upon evidence, it is up to all humans to contemplate the possible alien connection surrounding our very existence.

According to the ancient Sumerian cuneiform texts, their gods, overlords, and creators, the Annunaki, came down out of the sky to Earth from a different planet in our solar system. This home of their gods was not formed here with the rest of our planetary bodies but rather was captured by the Sun's gravity a very long time ago.

This planet, called by them, Nibiru, Planet of the Crossing, caused major upheaval in the entire system, altering and destabilizing the orbits of the existing planets and actually throwing two of them together in a cataclysmic collision which eventually stabilized into the duel planetary system of the Earth and the Moon.

Being an outsider, Nibiru does not follow the plane of the Elliptic but rather follows a widely cast orbit of approximately 3,600 years from the area of the inner planets out into the Oort cloud that surrounds our entire solar system. On board this far traveled and alien planet there lived a race of very long-lived, highly technologically advanced beings who had survived the long journey through interstellar space and were ready to explore the planets around the new star they would hereafter call their own.

Again, according to the tales they told, their exploration of planet Earth began as early as 450,000 years ago. Their purpose was the exploitation of the mineral wealth found here. Gold was needed to repair the atmosphere of their home-world and Earth had that in abundance. Originally, the mining was done by the aliens themselves, but the work was hard and arduous even for such a long-lived race and the workers rebelled against such a menial task. As a replacement, the alien scientists created a worker class of beings through genetically mixing their DNA with that of a primitive species, homo erectus, that had naturally developed on planet Earth. These new beings were homo sapiens, our first direct ancestors.

Through the ages of their reign the Annunaki continued to travel between the worlds when Nibiru passed back into the inner system. After building a vast civilization the mission to Earth was done and they determined to leave Earth and all return to their home planet.

Now the time is nearing when Nibiru should once more be moving into the inner part of the solar system on its long journey around the sun. The implications of just the gravitational effect such an occurrence could have on our world have the potential to be catastrophic for our civilization. If these ancient writings of the Sumerians are not a mere fiction, and the Sumerians were a practical and pragmatic people, then it would behoove us to know how near the rogue planet will come to our own and how great the gravitational stresses on our world we may expect.

There is a growing rumor that our modern scientists have rediscovered this approaching planetary body. With the dangerous implications it presents, a conspiracy of silence is said to be issued by the world's governments to prevent fear creating chaos among the masses of the people. The first positive identification of a planet-sized body moving towards us is said to have been found in the scans of NASA's Infrared Astronomical Satellite (IRAS) launched in 1983. After ten months of gazing into the depths of space, the official story is that IRAS quit functioning. Unofficially, the former US intelligence officer John Maynard has disclosed that in actuality the scans detected a very large, very hot (by infrared standards) object in the system and it was thereafter commandeered to track this object exclusively in order to help determine its path.

Now, at incredible expense, the South Pole Telescope (SPT) has been constructed in the heart of the frozen Antarctic continent. With clear air the SPT can view the skies nearly as well as the aging Hubble Space Telescope. There is also the rumor that the object first seen by IRAS is approaching from the southern skies and the SPT has been specifically positioned to keep track of this object in an attempt to plot just how close to Earth it will come in its passing. The SPT has been unofficially dubbed the new Planet X Tracker.

If this rumor is true, we can hope that Nibiru will pass closest on the far side of the sun where the gravitational influence may only cause an increase in tectonic shifts and an increase in volcanoes and earthquakes. If it passes very much nearer, these planetary stress symptoms have the potential to cause enough destruction that our very civilization may be in danger of extinction.

And another important reason for tracking this mysterious object as it approaches the inner solar system is this: When it made its last run through the inner planets, the Annunaki left Earth supposedly to give their human creations a chance to grow and develop on their own. With its return, the Sumerian texts say, they are planning on coming back to see how well we have done.

Upshur County, West Virginia is a classic example of Appalachian coal country. Besides the mineral wealth of the earth, its forested hills provide an equally valuable timber industry. There is only one incorporated city, the County Seat of Buckhannon, with numerous diminutive unincorporated communities interspersed through the forest ridges and valleys. It seems an unusual place for an artifact that insinuates a prehuman civilization to have been discovered.

The Second World War was reaching its climax in 1944 when then ten year old Newton Anderson went to his home's basement for another load of locally produced coal for the family fire. One large lump falls to the floor and splits along the seam and exposes an object hidden away in the mineral that formed roughly three hundred million years ago in the Carboniferous Era. It is a brass, hand-held bell!

The most distinguishing feature of the bell is the carved figure on its top. It is of a humanoid figure which appears to be in a kneeling position with wings and a beak. There was an iron clapper still attached to the inside of the bell. The object has changed hands since Mr. Anderson found it years ago. In 2007 it came into the hands of the newly constructed Institute for Creation Research and on display at the Creation Museum in Northern Kentucky. According to the Institute, the bell was delivered to the University of Oklahoma for analysis by the nuclear activation method. While it is brass, it is not the brass alloy that has been used by our civilization since at least the rise of the Sumerian culture some six thousand years ago. It has an unusual mixture of copper, zinc, tin, arsenic, iodine, and selenium.

Also to help verify the story behind the bell's discovery, the Institute solicited the services of a licensed polygraph expert to test Mr. Anderson about the finding of this unusual object. The examiner, Mr. L. Stan Fulmer of Davidson, North Carolina is a trained professional with over twenty-seven years experience performing polygraph tests for both the courts and private sector businesses. His findings were that Mr. Anderson was expressing no deception when he related his story.

The figure adorning the bell is an interesting study in the possibility of either an ancient pre-Adamic race as the founders of the Creation Institute believe or evidence of an ancient alien presence on our planet long before humanity emerged. Both theories are possible and could well be one and the same. The Sumerian legends of the Annunaki say that their planet Nibiru had already been captured in orbit around our sun before the Earth had restablized from its collision with Tiamat. It is therefore possible they were traveling to and exploring this planet long before the four hundred thousand year mark that Sumerian legend says was the time of their colonization.

It is known that the astronauts that piloted the Annunaki rockets were always depicted with wings and bird-headed helmets. Couldn't it be just as likely that the image is a depiction of one of these voyagers as it might be a "demon" from a mythology millions of years younger than the geological strata the bell was buried in? That this artifact ended up in what is now West Virginia in the North American continent is not so unbelievable. A people capable of interplanetary travel would have no trouble traveling anywhere on the planet. That this out of place and time artifact was even found after its long wait in the dark is a testament to the incredible potential for the amazing, whether terrestrial or of otherworldly origin.